The Descendants of King Hugues Capet, c940-996.


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137. King Phillip II CAPET of France [81988] (Louis VII of France (King)68, Louis VI "The Fat" of France (King)36, Philip I of France (King)19, Henry I of the Franks (King)13, Robert II of the Franks (King)4, Hugues of the Franks (King)1) was born on 21 Aug 1165 in Paris Isle-de-France France and died on 14 Jul 1223 in Mantes-la-Jolie Isle-de-France France at age 57.

General Notes: Wikipedia says this of Phillip, along with much more,
Philip II (21 August 1165 \endash 14 July 1223), byname Philip Augustus (French: Philippe Auguste), was King of France from 1180 to 1223. His predecessors had been known as kings of the Franks, but from 1190 onward, Philip became the first French monarch to style himself "King of France". The son of King Louis VII and his third wife, Adela of Champagne, he was originally nicknamed Dieudonné (God-given) because he was a first son and born late in his father's life. Philip was given the epithet "Augustus" by the chronicler Rigord for having extended the crown lands of France so remarkably.

After decades of conflicts with the House of Plantagenet, Philip succeeded in putting an end to the Angevin Empire by defeating a coalition of his rivals at the Battle of Bouvines in 1214.[1] This victory would have a lasting impact on western European politics: the authority of the French king became unchallenged, while the English King John was forced by his barons to assent to Magna Carta and deal with a rebellion against him aided by Philip's son Louis, the First Barons' War. The military actions surrounding the Albigensian Crusade helped prepare the expansion of France southward. Philip did not participate directly in these actions, but he allowed his vassals and knights to help carry them out.

Philip transformed France into the most prosperous and powerful country in Europe.[2] He checked the power of the nobles and helped the towns free themselves from seigneurial authority, granting privileges and liberties to the emergent bourgeoisie. He built a great wall around Paris ("the Wall of Philip II Augustus"), re-organized the French government and brought financial stability to his country
REGARDING Phillip's Marriage[s], Wikipedia has this to say:
Isabella's second pregnancy was extremely difficult. On 14 March 1190, she gave birth to twin boys named Robert (who died the same day) and Philip (who died 3 days afterwards, on 17 March). Owing to complications in childbirth, she died in Paris the next day (15 March), aged not quite 20, and was buried in the cathedral of Notre-Dame.[7] She was mourned greatly in the capital, having been a popular queen. Her husband was not with her when she died, nor did he attend the funeral, as he was away in Normandy campaigning against Richard I of England. When Philip learnt of her death, he hastily signed a truce with Richard and returned to Paris, where he confirmed the placement of her tomb and spent several days in mourning before returning to Normandy the following week. In a letter to Pope Clement III, he wrote that he greatly missed his late wife.

Noted events in his life were:

• Birth: at Chateau Gonesse, 21 Aug 1165, Paris Isle-de-France France.

• Crowned: King of France, 1 Nov 1179.

Phillip married Queen Isabelle [de Hainault] FLANDERS of France [81989]. Isabelle was born on 5 Apr 1170 in Valenciennes Nord-pas-de-Calais France, died on 15 Mar 1190 in Paris Isle-de-France France at age 19, and was buried in Notre-Dame de Paris Isle-de-France France.

General Notes: Wikipedia says of Isabelle,
Isabella married Philip on 28 April 1180 at Bapaume, and brought as her dowry the county of Artois. The marriage was arranged by her maternal uncle Philip, Count of Flanders, who was advisor to the King.[3] The wedding did not please the queen dowager, for it meant the rejection of her nephew and the lessening of her brothers' influence.

She was crowned Queen of France at Saint Denis on 28 May 1180. As Baldwin V rightly claimed his daughter to be a descendant of Charlemagne, the chroniclers of the time saw in this marriage a union of the Carolingian and Capetian dynasties.

Though Isabella received extravagant praise from certain annalists, she initially failed to win Philip's affections owing to her inability to provide him with an heir, although she was only 14 years old at the time.[4] Meanwhile, in 1184, Philip was waging war against Flanders; angered at seeing his wife's father Baldwin support his enemies, he called a council at Sens for the purpose of repudiating her. According to Gislebert of Mons, Isabella then appeared barefooted and dressed as a penitent in the town's churches, thus gaining the sympathy of the people. Her appeals angered them so much that they went to the palace and started shouting loud enough to be heard inside.[5] Robert, the king's uncle, successfully interposed; no repudiation followed, for repudiating her would also have meant the loss of Artois.[6]

Finally, on 5 September 1187, she gave birth to the desired son, Louis.
AND,
Isabella's second pregnancy was extremely difficult. On 14 March 1190, she gave birth to twin boys named Robert (who died the same day) and Philip (who died 3 days afterwards, on 17 March). Owing to complications in childbirth, she died in Paris the next day (15 March), aged not quite 20, and was buried in the cathedral of Notre-Dame.[7] She was mourned greatly in the capital, having been a popular queen. Her husband was not with her when she died, nor did he attend the funeral, as he was away in Normandy campaigning against Richard I of England. When Philip learnt of her death, he hastily signed a truce with Richard and returned to Paris, where he confirmed the placement of her tomb and spent several days in mourning before returning to Normandy the following week. In a letter to Pope Clement III, he wrote that he greatly missed his late wife.


Children from this marriage were:

+ 194    i. King Louis VIII CAPET of France [81986] was born on 5 Sep 1187 in Paris Isle-de-France France and died on 8 Nov 1226 in Chateau de Montpensier Puy-de-Dôme Auvergne France at age 39.

   195    ii. Robert CAPET [122818] was born on 14 Mar 1190 and died on 14 Mar 1190. (Twin [Died at Birth])

   196    iii. Phillip CAPET [122819] was born on 14 Mar 1190 and died on 17 Mar 1190. (Twin [Infant Death])

Phillip next married Queen Ingeborg ESTRIDSEN of France [122820]. Marriage status: not consummated - annulled. Ingeborg was born in 1174 in Denmark, died on 29 Jul 1237 in Pays-de-Loire France at age 63, and was buried in Priory of Saint-Jean-de-l’Ile Pays-de-Loire France.

Phillip next married Queen Agnes [of Merania] ANDECHS of France [122823] in Jun 1196. Agnes was born in 1175 and died in 1201 at age 26.

Children from this marriage were:

   197    i. Duchess Marie CAPET of Brabant [122826] was born in 1198 and died on 15 Aug 1224 at age 26.

   198    ii. Count Philip I CAPET of Boulogne [122827] was born in Sep 1200 and died in 1235 at age 35.

139. Alice Adelaide Princess of FRANCE [82067] (Louis VII of France (King)68, Louis VI "The Fat" of France (King)36, Philip I of France (King)19, Henry I of the Franks (King)13, Robert II of the Franks (King)4, Hugues of the Franks (King)1) was born in 1159.

Alice married Count William III OF PONTHIEU [82066]. William was born in 1179.

The child from this marriage was:

+ 199    i. Countess Marie PONTHIEU [82063] was born in 1188.

143. Comte Robert II de DREUX de Dreux and Braine [123123] (Robert I de Dreux (Comte)71, Louis VI "The Fat" of France (King)36, Philip I of France (King)19, Henry I of the Franks (King)13, Robert II of the Franks (King)4, Hugues of the Franks (King)1) was born about 1154 in Braine Hauts-de-France France and died on 28 Dec 1218 in Dreux Eure-et-Loir France aged about 64.

Robert married Comtesse Yolande de COUCY de Coucy [123124]. Yolande was born about 1164 in Boves Somme Hauts-de-France France and died on 18 Mar 1222 in Aisne Hauts-de-France France aged about 58.

Children from this marriage were:

+ 200    i. Comte Robert III de DREUX de Dreux [123117] was born about 1185 in Dreux Eure-et-Loir France and died on 3 Mar 1234 in Braine Hauts-de-France France aged about 49.

   201    ii. Duke Pierre I de DREUX of Brittany [123126] was born about 1188 in Braine Hauts-de-France France and died on 26 May 1220 at Sea aged about 32.

   202    iii. Dame Aliénor de DREUX de Sorel [123127] was born about 1188 in Dreux Eure-et-Loir France and died on 17 Mar 1242 in Meuse Grand Est France aged about 54.

   203    iv. Isabelle de DREUX [123136] was born about 1188 in France and died in Sep 1242 aged about 54.

   204    v. Alix de DREUX de Choiseul [123125] was born in 1189 and died on 16 Sep 1258 in Choiseul Haute-Marne Grand Est France at age 69.

   205    vi. Jeanne de DREUX [123134] was born in 1189 in France, died in 1276 in Fontrevault Maine-et-Loire France at age 87, and was buried in Abbaye de Fontrevault Fontrevault Maine-et-Loire France.

   206    vii. Dame Alix de DREUX de Salins [123135] was born about 1189 in Dreux Eure-et-Loir France and died in 1258 aged about 69.

   207    viii. Philippe de DREUX [123128] was born in 1192.

   208    ix. Lady Philippa de DREUX de Torcy-En-Brie [123129] was born about 1192 and died on 17 Mar 1242 in Bar le Duc Meuse Grand Est France aged about 50.

   209    x. Henri de DREUX [123130] was born in 1193 and died on 6 Jul 1240 in Vaucelles Calvados France at age 47.

   210    xi. Agnès de DREUX [123131] was born about 1195 in Bourgogne Bourgogne-Franche-Comté France and died about 19 Sep 1258 aged about 63.

   211    xii. Comtesse Yolande de DREUX d'Eu [123132] was born about 1196 in Dreux Eure-et-Loir France and died on 1 Feb 1240 in Foucarmont Seine-Maritime Haute-Normandie France aged about 44.

   212    xiii. Comte Jean de DREUX de Vienne & Macon [123133] was born in 1198 in France and died on 3 Nov 1239 at age 41.

   213    xiv. Geoffroy de DREUX [123137] was born in 1200 in France and died in 1219 at age 19.

153. Comtesse Alix de COURTENAY de Angoulême [81923] (Pierre de Courtenay (Seigneur)72, Louis VI "The Fat" of France (King)36, Philip I of France (King)19, Henry I of the Franks (King)13, Robert II of the Franks (King)4, Hugues of the Franks (King)1) was born in 1160 in Courtenay Loiret France and died between Jan 1218 and Sep 1218 in Angoulême Charente Poitou-Charentes France.

Alix married Aymer TAILLEFER Count of Angouleme [81922]. Aymer was born in 1160 and died in 1202 at age 42.

The child from this marriage was:

+ 214    i. Isabella de Taillefer d'ANGOULEME [35163] was born in 1188 in Angoulême Charente Poitou-Charentes France and died on 31 May 1246 in Fontevraud-l'Abbaye Maine-et-Loire Pays de la Loire France at age 58.

156. Comte Baldwin IV de FLANDERS de Hainault [123381] (Comte Baldwin III de FLANDERS de Hainault77, Comte Baldwin II de FLANDERS de Hainaut45, Comte Baudouin VI de FLANDERS de Flanders & Hainaut25, Countess Adele CAPET of Flanders14, Robert II of the Franks (King)4, Hugues of the Franks (King)1) was born in Apr 1108 in Mons Hainaut Walloon Region Belgium and died on 2 Nov 1171 in Mons Hainaut Walloon Region Belgium at age 63.

Baldwin married Comtesse Alice de NAMUR de Hainaut [123406]. Alice was born in 1112 in Namur Walloon Region Belgium and died on 25 Jul 1169 in Mons Hainaut Walloon Region Belgium at age 57.

Children from this marriage were:

   215    i. Anthonette de HAINAUT [123409] was born about 1130 in Hainaut Walloon Region Belgium and died on 30 Nov 1201 in Hainaut Walloon Region Belgium aged about 71.

   216    ii. Yolande de HAINAUT [123410] was born about 1131 in Hainaut Walloon Region Belgium and died after Apr 1202.

   217    iii. Baudoun de HAINAUT [123416] was born about 1134 and died about 1147 aged about 13.

   218    iv. Lauretia de HAINAUT [123417] was born in 1135 and died in 1181 at age 46.

   219    v. Agnes de HAINAUT [123411] was born in 1145 in Mons Hainaut Walloon Region Belgium and died in 1173 in Aisne Hauts-de-France France at age 28.

   220    vi. Comte Godefroy de HAINAUT d'Ostrevant [123412] was born in 1147 in Ostrevant Nord [Department] France and died on 6 Apr 1163 in Mons Hainaut Walloon Region Belgium at age 16.

+ 221    vii. Comte Baldwin V FLANDERS de Hainault & Flanders, Margrave of Namur [123373] was born about 1150 in Hainaut Walloon Region Belgium and died on 17 Dec 1195 in Mons Hainaut Walloon Region Belgium aged about 45.

   222    viii. Laurette de HAINAUT [123413] was born in 1150 in Hainaut Walloon Region Belgium and died on 9 Aug 1181 in Montmorency Val d'Oise Ile-de-France France at age 31.

   223    ix. Seigneur Henri de HAINAUT de Sebourg [123414] was born in 1151 in Ostrevant Nord [Department] France and died about 1230 aged about 79.

   224    x. Seigneur Guilliame de HAINAUT de Thierry [123415] was born about 1156 and died in 1213 aged about 57.

160. Hubert BELL [102127] (Rosabella85, Princess Of England Constance de NORMANDIE53, Matilda of FLANDERS26, Countess Adele CAPET of Flanders14, Robert II of the Franks (King)4, Hugues of the Franks (King)1).

Hubert married Aldebella de PONTEFRACT [102128].

Children from this marriage were:

   225    i. Pontefract BELL [102187] .

   226    ii. Reginald BELL [102188] .

+ 227    iii. Almeric BELL [102125] .

   228    iv. William BELL [102191] .

   229    v. John BELL [102192] .

   230    vi. Ralph BELL [102193] .

   231    vii. Geoffrey BELL [102194] .

   232    viii. Odo BELL [102195] .

General Notes: Odo died at 9 Years of Age. He was said to be a Prodigy.

   233    ix. Bertram BELL [102196] .

   234    x. Matilda BELL [102197] .

   235    xi. Aldebella BELL [102198] .

General Notes: Adlebella died at 17 Years of Age.

171. Queen Adele de CHAMPAGNE of France [123094] (Comte Thibault IV de BLOIS de Champagne92, Princess Of England Adele de NORMANDIE54, Matilda of FLANDERS26, Countess Adele CAPET of Flanders14, Robert II of the Franks (King)4, Hugues of the Franks (King)1) was born in 1140 in Blois Loir-et-Cher France and died on 4 Jun 1206 in Paris Isle-de-France France at age 66.

Adele married King Louis VII CAPET of France [81992] on 13 Nov 1160. Louis was born in 1120, died on 18 Sep 1180 at age 60, and was buried in Seine-et-Marne Île-de-France France.

(Duplicate Line. See Person 68)

174. William de WARENNE 4th Earl of Surrey [81976] (William II de WARRENE 3rd Earl of Surrey99, Princess Of England Gundred de NORMANDIE55, Matilda of FLANDERS26, Countess Adele CAPET of Flanders14, Robert II of the Franks (King)4, Hugues of the Franks (King)1) was born in 1110 and died in 1148 at age 38.

William married someone.

His child was:

+ 236    i. Isabel de WARENNE [81975] was born in 1137 and died in 1199 at age 62.

175. Countess Ada de WARRENE of Huntingdon [35148] (William II de WARRENE 3rd Earl of Surrey99, Princess Of England Gundred de NORMANDIE55, Matilda of FLANDERS26, Countess Adele CAPET of Flanders14, Robert II of the Franks (King)4, Hugues of the Franks (King)1) was born about 1120 in Huntingdon Huntingdonshire England and died about 1178 in Warwickshire England aged about 58.

Ada married Prince Of Scotland & 3rd Earl Henry HUNTINGDON of Huntingdon [35153]. Henry was born about 1114 in Scotland and died on 12 Jun 1152 in Scotland aged about 38.

Children from this marriage were:

   237    i. Aufrica HUNTINGDON [123499] was born in 1136 in Scotland and died in 1169 at age 33.

   238    ii. King Máel Coluim IV MAC EANRIC of the Scots [123500] was born on 20 Mar 1142 in Scotland and died on 9 Dec 1165 in Dunfermline Fifeshire Scotland at age 23.

+ 239    iii. King William "the Lion" MAC EANRIC of the Scots [122280] was born about 1143 in Perth Perthshire Scotland and died on 4 Dec 1214 in Stirling Stirlingshire Scotland aged about 71.

+ 240    iv. Princess Margaret HUNTINGDON of Scotland [123497] was born in 1145 in England and died in 1201 at age 56.

   241    v. Countess Ada de HUNTINGDON of Holland [123501] was born about 1146 in Huntingdon Huntingdonshire England and died after 1206 in Middelburg Zeeland Holland.

   242    vi. Matilda de HUNTINGDON of Scotland [123502] was born about 1148 in Scotland and died about 1152 in England aged about 4.

+ 243    vii. 8th Earl David HUNTINGDON of Huntingdon [35154] was born in 1152 in Stirling Stirlingshire Scotland and died on 17 Jun 1219 in Jedburgh Roxburghshire Scotland at age 67.

   244    viii. Marjory de HUNTINGDON [123503] was born after 1152 in Huntingdon Huntingdonshire England and died in 1213 in Forfar Angus Scotland.

176. King Henry II PLANTAGENET Of England [35152] (Matilda BEAUCLERC Empress Of Germany101, Henry I BEAUCLERC King Of England56, Matilda of FLANDERS26, Countess Adele CAPET of Flanders14, Robert II of the Franks (King)4, Hugues of the Franks (King)1) was born on 5 Mar 1133 in Le Mans Sarthe Pays-de-Loire France and died on 6 Jul 1189 in Chinon Indre-et-Loire France at age 56.

General Notes: Wikipedia says:
Henry II (5 March 1133 \endash 6 July 1189), also known as Henry Curtmantle (French: Court-manteau), Henry FitzEmpress or Henry Plantagenet, ruled as Count of Anjou, Count of Maine, Duke of Normandy, Duke of Aquitaine, Count of Nantes, King of England (1154\endash 89) and Lord of Ireland; at various times, he also controlled Wales, Scotland and Brittany. Henry was the son of Geoffrey of Anjou and Matilda, daughter of Henry I of England. He became actively involved by the age of 14 in his mother's efforts to claim the throne of England, then occupied by Stephen of Blois, and was made Duke of Normandy at 17. He inherited Anjou in 1151 and shortly afterwards married Eleanor of Aquitaine, whose marriage to Louis VII of France had recently been annulled. Stephen agreed to a peace treaty after Henry's military expedition to England in 1153: Henry inherited the kingdom on Stephen's death a year later.

Henry was an energetic and sometimes ruthless ruler, driven by a desire to restore the lands and privileges of his royal grandfather, Henry I. During the early years of the younger Henry's reign he restored the royal administration in England, re-established hegemony over Wales and gained full control over his lands in Anjou, Maine and Touraine. Henry's desire to reform the relationship with the Church led to conflict with his former friend Thomas Becket, the Archbishop of Canterbury. This controversy lasted for much of the 1160s and resulted in Becket's murder in 1170. Henry soon came into conflict with Louis VII and the two rulers fought what has been termed a "cold war" over several decades. Henry expanded his empire, often at Louis' expense, taking Brittany and pushing east into central France and south into Toulouse; despite numerous peace conferences and treaties no lasting agreement was reached. By 1172, he controlled England, large parts of Wales, the eastern half of Ireland and the western half of France, an area that would later come to be called the Angevin Empire.

Henry and Eleanor had eight children. As they grew up, tensions over the future inheritance of the empire began to emerge, encouraged by Louis and his son King Philip II. In 1173 Henry's heir apparent, "Young Henry", rebelled in protest; he was joined by his brothers Richard and Geoffrey and by their mother, Eleanor. France, Scotland, Flanders and Boulogne allied themselves with the rebels. The Great Revolt was only defeated by his vigorous military action and talented local commanders, many of them "new men" appointed for their loyalty and administrative skills. Young Henry and Geoffrey revolted again in 1183, resulting in Young Henry's death. The Norman invasion of Ireland provided lands for his youngest son John, but Henry struggled to find ways to satisfy all his sons' desires for land and immediate power. Philip successfully played on Richard's fears that Henry would make John king, and a final rebellion broke out in 1189. Decisively defeated by Philip and Richard and suffering from a bleeding ulcer, Henry retreated to Chinon in Anjou, where he died.

Henry's empire quickly collapsed during the reign of his youngest son John. Many of the changes Henry introduced during his long rule, however, had long-term consequences. Henry's legal changes are generally considered to have laid the basis for the English Common Law, while his intervention in Brittany, Wales and Scotland shaped the development of their societies and governmental systems. Historical interpretations of Henry's reign have changed considerably over time. In the 18th century, scholars argued that Henry was a driving force in the creation of a genuinely English monarchy and, ultimately, a unified Britain. During the Victorian expansion of the British Empire, historians were keenly interested in the formation of Henry's own empire, but they also expressed concern over his private life and treatment of Becket. Late-20th-century historians have combined British and French historical accounts of Henry, challenging earlier Anglo-centric interpretations of his reign.

Henry married Eleanor d'AQUITAINE Queen of England [35157]. Eleanor was born in 1121 in Nantes Loire-Atlantique Pays de la Loire France and died on 1 Apr 1204 in Poitiers Poitou-Charentes France at age 83.

General Notes: Wikipedia says of Eleanor,
Eleanor of Aquitaine (1122 \endash 1 April 1204) (French: Aliénor d'Aquitaine, pronounced ['a?li.??'n?? 'da?ki'ten]) was Queen of France from 1137 to 1152 as the consort of King Louis VII,[1] Queen of England from 1154 to 1189 as the wife of King Henry II, and Duchess of Aquitaine in her own right from 1137 until her death in 1204. As the heir of the House of Poitiers, rulers in southwestern France, she was one of the wealthiest and most powerful women in western Europe during the High Middle Ages. She was patron of literary figures such as Wace, Benoît de Sainte-Maure, and Bernart de Ventadorn. She led armies several times in her life and was a leader of the Second Crusade.

Eleanor was the daughter of William X, Duke of Aquitaine. She became duchess upon her father's death in April 1137, and three months later she married Louis, son of her guardian King Louis VI of France. Days after the wedding, her husband acceded as the French king. They had two daughters, Marie and Alix. As queen of France, Eleanor participated in the unsuccessful Second Crusade. Soon afterwards, she sought an annulment of her marriage,[2] but her request was rejected by Pope Eugene III.[3] Eventually, Louis agreed to an annulment, as 15 years of marriage had not produced a son.[4] The marriage was annulled on 21 March 1152 on the grounds of consanguinity within the fourth degree. Their daughters were declared legitimate, custody was awarded to Louis, and Eleanor's lands were restored to her.

As soon as the annulment was granted, Eleanor became engaged to her third cousin Henry, Duke of Normandy. The couple married on Whitsun, 18 May 1152. Henry and Eleanor became king and queen of England in 1154. They had five sons and three daughters. However, Henry and Eleanor eventually became estranged. Henry imprisoned her in 1173 for supporting the revolt of their eldest son, Henry, against him. She was not released until 6 July 1189, when her husband died and their third son, Richard I, ascended the throne. As queen dowager, Eleanor acted as regent while Richard went on the Third Crusade. She lived well into the reign of her youngest son, John.


Children from this marriage were:

   245    i. Comte William IX PLANTAGENET de Poitiers [122802] was born on 17 Aug 1153 in Rouen Seine-Maritime Haute-Normandie France, died in Apr 1156 in Wallingford Berkshire England at age 2, and was buried in Reading Abbey Reading Berkshire England.

   246    ii. King Henry PLANTAGENET of England [122803] was born on 28 Feb 1155 in London Middlesex England and died on 11 Jun 1183 in Lot Aquitaine France at age 28.

General Notes: Wikipedia says,
Henry the Young King (28 February 1155 \endash 11 June 1183) was the eldest surviving son of Henry II of England and Eleanor of Aquitaine. Beginning in 1170, he was titular King of England, Duke of Normandy, Count of Anjou and Maine. Henry the Young King was the only English king since the Norman Conquest to be crowned during his father's reign, but was frustrated by his father's refusal to grant him meaningful autonomous power.[1][2] He died aged 28, six years before his father, leaving his brother Richard to become the next king

   247    iii. Duchess Matilda PLANTAGENET of Saxony [122804] was born in Jun 1156 in Windsor Berkshire England, died on 28 Jun 1189 in Brunswick Saxony at age 33, and was buried in Brunswick Cathedral Brunswick Saxony.

   248    iv. King Richard I "The Lion Heart" PLANTAGENET of England [122805] was born on 8 Sep 1157 in Oxford Oxfordshire England, died on 6 Apr 1199 in Châlus Duchy of Aquitaine France at age 41, and was buried in Fontrevault Maine-et-Loire France.

General Notes: Wikipedia says, along with very much more,
Richard I (8 September 1157 \endash 6 April 1199) was King of England from 1189 until his death in 1199. He also ruled as Duke of Normandy, Aquitaine and Gascony, Lord of Cyprus, and Count of Poitiers, Anjou, Maine, and Nantes, and was overlord of Brittany at various times during the same period. He was the third of five sons of King Henry II of England and Eleanor of Aquitaine and seemed unlikely to become king, but all his brothers except the youngest, John, predeceased their father. Richard is known as Richard Cœur de Lion (Norman French: Le quor de lion) or Richard the Lionheart because of his reputation as a great military leader and warrior.[1] The troubadour Bertran de Born also called him Richard Oc-e-Non (Occitan for Yes and No), possibly from a reputation for terseness.[2]

By the age of 16, Richard had taken command of his own army, putting down rebellions in Poitou against his father.[1] Richard was an important Christian commander during the Third Crusade, leading the campaign after the departure of Philip II of France and achieving considerable victories against his Muslim counterpart, Saladin, although he finalized a peace treaty and ended the campaign without retaking Jerusalem.[3]

Richard probably spoke both French and Occitan.[4] He was born in England, where he spent his childhood; before becoming king, however, he lived most of his adult life in the Duchy of Aquitaine, in the southwest of France. Following his accession, he spent very little time, perhaps as little as six months, in England. Most of his life as king was spent on Crusade, in captivity, or actively defending his lands in France. Rather than regarding his kingdom as a responsibility requiring his presence as ruler, he has been perceived as preferring to use it merely as a source of revenue to support his armies.[5] Nevertheless, he was seen as a pious hero by his subjects.[6] He remains one of the few kings of England remembered more commonly by his epithet than his regnal number, and is an enduring iconic figure both in England and in France.

+ 249    v. Duke Geoffrey II PLANTAGENET of Brittany [122806] was born on 23 Sep 1158 in Oxford Oxfordshire England, died on 19 Aug 1186 in Paris Isle-de-France France at age 27, and was buried in Cathedral of Notre Dame Paris Isle-de-France France.

   250    vi. Prince Philip PLANTAGENET of England [123081] was born about 1160 in Oxford Oxfordshire England and died on 7 Jan 1163 in Oxford Oxfordshire England aged about 3.

+ 251    vii. Queen Consort Eleanor PLANTAGENET of Castile [81991] was born on 13 Oct 1161 in Domfront en Poiraie Orne Basse-Normandy France, died on 25 Oct 1214 in Burgos Castile & Leon Spain at age 53, and was buried in Abbey of Santa Maria la Real de Huelgas Burgos Castile Spain.

   252    viii. Queen Joan PLANTAGENET of Sicily [122807] was born in Oct 1165 in Anjou Isère Auvergne-Rhone-Alpes France, died on 4 Sep 1199 in Fontrevault Maine-et-Loire France at age 33, and was buried in Abbaye de Fontrevault Fontrevault Maine-et-Loire France.

+ 253    ix. John PLANTAGENET King Of England [35158] was born on 24 Dec 1166 in Oxford Oxfordshire England, died on 18 Oct 1216 in Newark Nottinghamshire England at age 49, and was buried in The Quire Worcester Cathedral Worcester Worcestershire England.

Henry next married Rosamund de CLIFFORD [82055]. Marriage status: mistress. Rosamund was born in 1136.

The child from this marriage was:

+ 254    i. 3rd Earl William LONGESPEE of Salisbury [82053] was born about 1176 in Salisbury Wiltshire England and died on 7 Mar 1226 in Salisbury Wiltshire England aged about 50.

Henry next married UNKNOWN [122808]. Marriage status: mistress.

The child from this marriage was:

   255    i. Archbishop Geoffrey PLANTAGENET of York [122809] was born about 1152 and died on 12 Dec 1212 in Normandy France aged about 60.

General Notes: Wikipedia says of this Geoffrey, along with much more,
Geoffrey[a] (c. 1152 \endash 12 December 1212) was an illegitimate son of Henry II, King of England, who became bishop-elect of Lincoln and archbishop of York. The identity of his mother is uncertain, but she may have been named Ykenai. Geoffrey held several minor clerical offices before becoming Bishop of Lincoln in 1173, though he was not ordained as a priest until 1189. In 1173\endash 1174, he led a campaign in northern England to help put down a rebellion by his legitimate half-brothers; this campaign led to the capture of William, King of Scots. By 1182, Pope Lucius III had ordered that Geoffrey either resign Lincoln or be consecrated as bishop; he chose to resign and became Chancellor instead. He was the only one of Henry II's sons present at the king's death.

Geoffrey's half-brother Richard I nominated him archbishop of York after succeeding to the throne of England, probably to force him to become a priest and thus eliminate a potential rival for the throne. After some dispute Geoffrey was consecrated archbishop in 1191. He soon became embroiled in a conflict with William Longchamp, Richard's regent in England, after being detained at Dover on his return to England following his consecration in France. Geoffrey claimed sanctuary in the town, but he was seized by agents of Longchamp and briefly imprisoned in Dover Castle. Subsequently, a council of magnates ordered Longchamp out of office, and Geoffrey was able to proceed to his archdiocese. The archbishop spent much of his archiepiscopate in various disputes with his half-brothers: first Richard and then John, who succeeded to the English throne in 1199. Geoffrey also quarrelled with his suffragan bishops, his cathedral chapter, and other clergy in his diocese. His last quarrel with John was in 1207, when the archbishop refused to allow the collection of a tax and was driven into exile in France. He died there five years later.

177. Gilbert GALLOWAY Of Carrick [35122] (Princess Of England Elizabeth BEAUCLERC109, Henry I BEAUCLERC King Of England56, Matilda of FLANDERS26, Countess Adele CAPET of Flanders14, Robert II of the Franks (King)4, Hugues of the Franks (King)1) was born about 1126 in Carrick Ayrshire Scotland and died on 1 Jan 1185 aged about 59.

Gilbert married someone.

His child was:

+ 256    i. Duncan, Earl of CARRICK [35120] was born about 1174 in Carrick Ayrshire Scotland and died on 13 Jun 1250 aged about 76.

178. Richard de BEAUMONT [35150] (Viscountess Constance Mathilde FITZHENRY de Maine122, Henry I BEAUCLERC King Of England56, Matilda of FLANDERS26, Countess Adele CAPET of Flanders14, Robert II of the Franks (King)4, Hugues of the Franks (King)1).

Richard married Lucie de L'AIGLE [35155].

The child from this marriage was:

+ 257    i. Constance de BEAUMONT [35156] died after 1226.

180. Sir Hugo FORESTER Kt Earl of Northumbria [120096] (Sir Reginald FORESTER Kt128, Sir Hugo FORESTER Kt Governor of Etherstone57, Richard FORESTER27, Countess Adele CAPET of Flanders14, Robert II of the Franks (King)4, Hugues of the Franks (King)1) was born in 1121 in Bamburgh [was Bamborough] Northumberland England and died in 1150 in Bamburgh [was Bamborough] Northumberland England at age 29.

General Notes: In a Document received from Patrick de Meulemeester in March 2021, he included the following:
He was Chief of the Royal Forests of England and Governor of Etherstone.
After being appointed a Knight by King Stephen and King Henry, Prince of Scotland, he was elevated to the rank of Earl of Northumbria but his military events remain unknown.

Hugo married someone.

His child was:

+ 258    i. Sir William FORSTER Kt Governor of Etherstone [120095] was born in 1146 in Bamburgh [was Bamborough] Northumberland England and died in 1176 in Etherstone [Adderstone] Northumberland England at age 30.

182. Duke Odo II de BOURGOGNE de Bourgogne [123113] (Hugh II de Bourgogne (Duke)131, Eudes I de Bourgogne (Duke)60, Henri de Bourgogne (Duke)31, Robert I de Bourgogne (Duke)16, Robert II of the Franks (King)4, Hugues of the Franks (King)1) was born about 1111 in Bourgogne Bourgogne-Franche-Comté France and died on 27 Sep 1162 in Saint Nicolas Lès Cîteaux Côte-d'Or France aged about 51.

Noted events in his life were:

• Death: at Abbaye de Cîteaux, 27 Sep 1162, Saint Nicolas Lès Cîteaux Côte-d'Or France.

Odo married Duchess Marie de CHAMPAGNE of Burgandy [123114]. Marie was born in 1128 in Champagne Nouvelle-Aquitaine France and died on 7 Aug 1190 in Maine et Loire Pays-de-Loire France at age 62.

Noted events in her life were:

• Death: at Fontrevault Abbey, 7 Aug 1190, Maine et Loire Pays-de-Loire France.

Children from this marriage were:

   259    i. Alix Adelheid de BOURGOGNE [123115] was born in 1146 in Bourgogne Bourgogne-Franche-Comté France and died in 1192 in Fontrevault Maine-et-Loire France at age 46.

+ 260    ii. Duke Hugh III de BOURGOGNE de Bourgogne [123101] was born about 1148 in Burgandy France and died on 25 Aug 1192 in Palestine aged about 44.

   261    iii. Dame Mathilde de BOURGOGNE de Limais [123116] was born about 1150 in France and died on 22 Jul 1202 in Bouchet Drôme France aged about 52.


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